Federal Decree by Law No. (6) of 2025 Regarding the Central Bank, Regulation of Financial Institutions and Activities, and Insurance Business

Source and language note: This file is a structured English rendering prepared for informational use from the legislation published through official UAE sources. It is not presented as the authoritative statutory text. For interpretation and application, the original Arabic legislation published by the UAE authorities controls; if there is any conflict, the Arabic text prevails.

The rendering below covers every numbered article identified in the verified legislative structure. It is designed for navigation and legal-information use; exact statutory wording, schedules, tables, monetary thresholds and exceptions must be checked against the linked official source.

Legislative structure and article-by-article rendering

Article (1) — Definitions

This article regulates definitions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (2) — Scope

Defines the statutory scope of the Decree-Law, including the Central Bank, regulated financial institutions, financial activities and other persons covered, while the official text specifies any exclusions and special treatment.

Article (3) — Independence of the Central Bank

Affirms the Central Bank’s institutional independence within the federal framework.

Article (4) — Headquarters

This article regulates headquarters within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (5) — Principal Objectives and Functions

Sets the Central Bank’s principal objectives and functions, including monetary and financial stability, regulation and supervision, currency functions and other statutory responsibilities.

Article (6) — Capital and Reserves

This article regulates capital and reserves within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (7) — Profits and Losses

This article regulates profits and losses within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (8) — Financial Year, Budget and Accounts

This article regulates financial year, budget and accounts within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (9) — Accounts Auditing

This article regulates accounts auditing within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (10) — Statements, Accounts and Reports

This article regulates statements, accounts and reports within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (11) — Board Members

This article regulates board members within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (12) — Appointment

This article regulates appointment within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (13) — Membership Conditions

This article regulates membership conditions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (14) — Resignation and Vacancy

This article regulates resignation and vacancy within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (15) — Termination of Membership

This article regulates termination of membership within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (16) — Powers and Functions of the Board

This article regulates powers and functions of the board within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (17) — Committees and Delegation

This article regulates committees and delegation within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (18) — Board Meetings

This article regulates board meetings within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (19) — Quorum and Voting

This article regulates quorum and voting within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (20) — Remunerations

This article regulates remunerations within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (21) — Powers and Competencies of the Governor

This article regulates powers and competencies of the governor within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (22) — Deputies and Assistants

This article regulates deputies and assistants within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (23) — Dedication of Service

This article regulates dedication of service within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (24) — Higher Shari’ah Authority

Establishes the Higher Shari’ah Authority within the regulatory framework for Islamic financial activities and institutions.

Article (25) — Exemption from Liability

This article regulates exemption from liability within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (26) — Confidential Information

This article regulates confidential information within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (27) — Conflicts of Interest

This article regulates conflicts of interest within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (28) — Cooperation and Coordination

This article regulates cooperation and coordination within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (29) — Experts and Consultants

This article regulates experts and consultants within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (30) — Opinions on Draft Regulations

This article regulates opinions on draft regulations within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (31) — Monetary Policy

Provides the legal framework for formulation and implementation of monetary policy.

Article (32) — Reserve Requirements

This article regulates reserve requirements within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (33) — Macroprudential Policy

This article regulates macroprudential policy within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (34) — Monetary and Fiscal Coordination

This article regulates monetary and fiscal coordination within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (35) — Systemically Important Licensed Financial Institutions

Addresses enhanced regulatory treatment of systemically important licensed financial institutions.

Article (36) — Statistics

This article regulates statistics within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (37) — Research and Reports

This article regulates research and reports within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (38) — Government Adviser and Financial Agent

This article regulates government adviser and financial agent within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (39) — Banker to the Public Sector

This article regulates banker to the public sector within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (40) — Government Funds

This article regulates government funds within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (41) — Accounts and Balances

This article regulates accounts and balances within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (42) — Money and Capital Markets

This article regulates money and capital markets within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (43) — Monetary and Financial Stability

Establishes powers and functions directed to monetary and financial stability.

Article (44) — Securities Programmes

This article regulates securities programmes within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (45) — Investment of Funds

This article regulates investment of funds within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (46) — Monetary Base Cover

This article regulates monetary base cover within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (47) — Corporate Entities

This article regulates corporate entities within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (48) — Privilege and Settlement

This article regulates privilege and settlement within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (49) — Financial Exemptions

This article regulates financial exemptions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (50) — Premises and Safe Transport

This article regulates premises and safe transport within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (51) — Dissolution

This article regulates dissolution within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (52) — Currency Unit

This article regulates currency unit within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (53) — Currency Issuance

Reserves the statutory currency-issuance function to the Central Bank subject to the Decree-Law.

Article (54) — Legal Tender

This article regulates legal tender within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (55) — Specifications of Currency

This article regulates specifications of currency within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (56) — Commemorative Currency

This article regulates commemorative currency within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (57) — Currency Notes and Coins

This article regulates currency notes and coins within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (58) — Digital Currency

Recognises and regulates currency in digital form within the statutory currency framework, subject to Central Bank regulations and the distinctions later stated in Article 187.

Article (59) — Mutilation and Destruction of Currency

This article regulates mutilation and destruction of currency within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (60) — Prohibition on Carrying on Activities without a Licence

Prohibits carrying on covered licensed financial activities without the required Central Bank licence.

Article (61) — Licensed Financial Activities

Identifies and regulates the classes of licensed financial activities within the Central Bank perimeter.

Article (62) — Emerging Technologies

Provides a statutory basis for regulatory treatment of emerging technologies in financial services.

Article (63) — Licensing Application

This article regulates licensing application within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (64) — Licensing Decision

This article regulates licensing decision within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (65) — Licensing Conditions

This article regulates licensing conditions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (66) — Suspension or Revocation of Licence

This article regulates suspension or revocation of licence within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (67) — Use of the Terms Bank and Masraf

This article regulates use of the terms bank and masraf within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (68) — Register and Fees

This article regulates register and fees within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (69) — Legal Form

This article regulates legal form within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (70) — Minimum Capital

This article regulates minimum capital within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (71) — Shareholding and Ownership

This article regulates shareholding and ownership within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (72) — Representative Offices

This article regulates representative offices within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (73) — Amendment of Memorandum and Articles

This article regulates amendment of memorandum and articles within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (74) — Scope for Islamic Financial Institutions

This article regulates scope for islamic financial institutions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (75) — Internal Shari’ah Supervision

This article regulates internal shari’ah supervision within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (76) — Report of the Internal Shari’ah Committee

This article regulates report of the internal shari’ah committee within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (77) — Shari’ah Contravention

This article regulates shari’ah contravention within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (78) — Types of Insurance

Classifies types of insurance business for regulatory purposes.

Article (79) — Compulsory Insurance

This article regulates compulsory insurance within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (80) — Prohibition on Combining Insurance Activities

This article regulates prohibition on combining insurance activities within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (81) — Prohibitions Applicable to Authorised Individuals

This article regulates prohibitions applicable to authorised individuals within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (82) — Insurance Outside the State or Free Zones

This article regulates insurance outside the state or free zones within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (83) — Insurance Policy

This article regulates insurance policy within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (84) — Resignation and Vacancy of Authorised Persons

This article regulates resignation and vacancy of authorised persons within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (85) — Calling the General Assembly

This article regulates calling the general assembly within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (86) — Technical Provisions and Solvency Margin

This article regulates technical provisions and solvency margin within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (87) — Actuary

This article regulates actuary within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (88) — Insurance Pool

This article regulates insurance pool within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (89) — Vehicle Insurance

Addresses vehicle insurance within the insurance regulatory framework.

Article (90) — Data and Information

This article regulates data and information within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (91) — Disclosure and Transparency

This article regulates disclosure and transparency within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (92) — Guarantee Deposits

This article regulates guarantee deposits within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (93) — Mathematical Reserve

This article regulates mathematical reserve within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (94) — Reinsurance Controls

This article regulates reinsurance controls within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (95) — Bank Guarantee for Foreign Branches

This article regulates bank guarantee for foreign branches within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (96) — Non-Discrimination in Policies

This article regulates non-discrimination in policies within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (97) — Assessment of Liabilities

This article regulates assessment of liabilities within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (98) — Actuary Report

This article regulates actuary report within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (99) — Distributable Funds and Dividends

This article regulates distributable funds and dividends within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (100) — Policy Value Assessment

This article regulates policy value assessment within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (101) — Policy Transfer

This article regulates policy transfer within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (102) — Application for Transfer

This article regulates application for transfer within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (103) — Release of Funds on Cessation

This article regulates release of funds on cessation within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (104) — Takaful Business

Regulates Takaful business as part of the insurance and Islamic-finance framework.

Article (105) — Takaful Fund

This article regulates takaful fund within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (106) — Emirates Insurance Federation

This article regulates emirates insurance federation within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (107) — Designated Functions

This article regulates designated functions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (108) — Authorisation Application

This article regulates authorisation application within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (109) — Authorisation Decision

This article regulates authorisation decision within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (110) — Conditions and Restrictions

This article regulates conditions and restrictions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (111) — Suspension or Revocation of Authorisation

This article regulates suspension or revocation of authorisation within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (112) — Prohibition on Undertaking a Function without Authorisation

This article regulates prohibition on undertaking a function without authorisation within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (113) — Guarantee Deposits for Other Financial Institutions

This article regulates guarantee deposits for other financial institutions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (114) — Compliance with Central Bank Instructions

This article regulates compliance with central bank instructions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (115) — Risk Bureau

Provides for a Risk Bureau and its role within the supervisory and credit-information framework.

Article (116) — Related Parties

This article regulates related parties within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (117) — Prohibited Operations

This article regulates prohibited operations within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (118) — Prohibited Activities of Deposit-Taking Licensed Financial Institutions

This article regulates prohibited activities of deposit-taking licensed financial institutions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (119) — Credit Restrictions

This article regulates credit restrictions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (120) — Controlling Interests

This article regulates controlling interests within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (121) — Branches and Subsidiaries

This article regulates branches and subsidiaries within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (122) — Data and Reports

This article regulates data and reports within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (123) — Reporting Violations

Addresses reporting of violations and the regulatory reporting route prescribed by the Decree-Law.

Article (124) — Financial Position Data

This article regulates financial position data within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (125) — Merger and Acquisition

This article regulates merger and acquisition within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (126) — Cessation of Business

This article regulates cessation of business within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (127) — Consolidated Supervision

This article regulates consolidated supervision within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (128) — Prudential Instructions

This article regulates prudential instructions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (129) — Operational Limits

This article regulates operational limits within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (130) — Governance

This article regulates governance within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (131) — Rulebook

Provides for the Central Bank Rulebook as an organised vehicle for regulations, standards and supervisory requirements.

Article (132) — Retroactive Effect of Regulations and Decisions

This article regulates retroactive effect of regulations and decisions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (133) — Examination

This article regulates examination within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (134) — Examination of Entities of a National Licensed Financial Institution

This article regulates examination of entities of a national licensed financial institution within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (135) — Expert Report

This article regulates expert report within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (136) — Judicial Officer Capacity

This article regulates judicial officer capacity within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (137) — Intervention in Lawsuits and Notices

This article regulates intervention in lawsuits and notices within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (138) — Financial Year of Licensed Financial Institutions

This article regulates financial year of licensed financial institutions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (139) — Accounts of Foreign Branches

This article regulates accounts of foreign branches within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (140) — Auditors

This article regulates auditors within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (141) — Publication and Posting of Accounts

This article regulates publication and posting of accounts within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (142) — Early Intervention

Authorises early-intervention measures where a licensed institution shows specified signs of deterioration or risk.

Article (143) — Resolution Powers

Confers resolution powers on the Central Bank for financial institutions in circumstances set by the Decree-Law.

Article (144) — Order of Debts and Obligations

This article regulates order of debts and obligations within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (145) — Resolution and Liquidation Announcement

This article regulates resolution and liquidation announcement within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (146) — Surveillance under Resolution or Liquidation

This article regulates surveillance under resolution or liquidation within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (147) — Confidentiality

This article regulates confidentiality within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (148) — Customer Protection

Creates a statutory customer-protection framework for licensed financial services.

Article (149) — Fraud Prevention

Addresses prevention of fraud within regulated financial activities.

Article (150) — Credit Facility Guarantees

This article regulates credit facility guarantees within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (151) — Specialised Funds

This article regulates specialised funds within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (152) — Financial Inclusion

Supports financial inclusion as a statutory regulatory objective and framework.

Article (153) — Financial Market Infrastructure

Introduces the framework for licensing, designation and oversight of financial market infrastructures.

Article (154) — FMI Licensing Application and Extension

This article regulates fmi licensing application and extension within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (155) — Decision on FMI Licensing

This article regulates decision on fmi licensing within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (156) — Retail and Wholesale Payment and Digital Services

This article regulates retail and wholesale payment and digital services within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (157) — Designation of Financial Market Infrastructure

This article regulates designation of financial market infrastructure within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (158) — Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructure

This article regulates oversight of financial market infrastructure within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (159) — Suspension or Revocation of FMI Licence

This article regulates suspension or revocation of fmi licence within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (160) — Regulations and Instructions

This article regulates regulations and instructions within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (161) — Determining Violations

This article regulates determining violations within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (162) — Finality of Payment and Settlement

This article regulates finality of payment and settlement within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (163) — Precedence of FMI Rules

This article regulates precedence of fmi rules within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (164) — Netting for Insolvent Participants

This article regulates netting for insolvent participants within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (165) — Preservation of Underlying Transaction Rights

This article regulates preservation of underlying transaction rights within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (166) — Participant Notification of Bankruptcy

This article regulates participant notification of bankruptcy within the statutory framework. The official text should be consulted for the precise conditions, exceptions, powers, procedural steps, thresholds and legal consequences attached to this subject.

Article (167) — Grievances and Appeals Committee

Establishes the Grievances and Appeals Committee and the route for challenging specified Central Bank decisions under the Decree-Law.

Article (168) — Penalty Provision 168

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (169) — Penalty Provision 169

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (170) — Penalty Provision 170

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (171) — Penalty Provision 171

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (172) — Penalty Provision 172

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (173) — Penalty Provision 173

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (174) — Penalty Provision 174

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (175) — Penalty Provision 175

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (176) — Penalty Provision 176

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (177) — Penalty Provision 177

This article is one of the Decree-Law’s criminal penalty provisions. It links a specified prohibited act or regulatory breach to custodial and/or monetary sanctions. The exact offence elements, thresholds, amount and term must be read from the official text before operational reliance.

Article (178) — Penalty Provision 178

Creates a criminal penalty for violation of Article 107 concerning designated functions, including a minimum custodial term and monetary fine, with an additional daily fine for continuing breach as stated in the official text.

Article (179) — Penalty Provision 179

Penalises specified misleading, incomplete, concealed, destroyed or altered information and obstruction of Central Bank examination or investigation, including complicity.

Article (180) — Penalty Provision 180

Creates penalties for specified Financial Market Infrastructure violations linked to Article 161.

Article (181) — Penalty Provision 181

Addresses responsibility of the manager of a juridical person and joint liability of the juridical person for adjudged financial fines and damages in specified circumstances.

Article (182) — Fees and Charges

Provides the basis for Central Bank fees and charges under the Decree-Law.

Article (183) — Enforceability of Applicable Regulations

Preserves applicable regulations and related instruments as provided by the transitional rule until replaced where appropriate.

Article (184) — Reconciliation of Positions

Requires persons and entities subject to the Decree-Law to reconcile their positions within one year of entry into force, with power for the Board to extend that period.

Article (185) — Repeal of Conflicting Provisions

Repeals conflicting provisions and repeals Federal Decree-Law No. 14 of 2018 and Federal Decree-Law No. 48 of 2023 as specified by the article.

Article (186) — Enforceability of Judgments of Foreign Judicial Authorities

Addresses enforceability in the UAE of judgments and decisions of foreign judicial authorities concerning covered national or foreign licensed financial institutions, subject to applicable UAE legal procedures.

Article (187) — Interpretation of Specific Terms

Clarifies that statutory references to dirham, currency, cash and similar terms include currency in digital form, while distinguishing virtual assets and empowering the Central Bank to issue a technical glossary.

Article (188) — Publication and Application of this Decree-Law

Requires publication in the Official Gazette and brings the Decree-Law into force on the day following publication.