construction lawDrafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts in UAE law

Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in UAE Law: Ensuring Clarity and Enforceability

Introduction

**Introduction to Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law**

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the drafting of dispute resolution clauses in contracts is crucial for ensuring the effective and efficient resolution of disputes that may arise during the performance or termination of a contract. These clauses determine the forum, procedure, and governing law that will apply to the resolution of disputes, and their proper drafting can significantly impact the outcome of any legal proceedings. This introduction provides an overview of the key considerations and best practices for drafting dispute resolution clauses in UAE law.

Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in UAE Contracts: A Comprehensive Guide

Drafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts governed by UAE law is crucial for businesses operating in the region. These clauses determine the process and forum for resolving disputes that may arise during the performance or interpretation of the contract.

The UAE legal framework provides various options for dispute resolution, including litigation before the local courts, arbitration, and mediation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the specific circumstances of the contract and the parties involved.

When drafting a dispute resolution clause, it is essential to consider the following factors:

* **Choice of forum:** The parties can agree to resolve disputes in the courts of a specific jurisdiction or through arbitration. Arbitration is often preferred due to its confidentiality, flexibility, and potential for faster resolution.
* **Governing law:** The parties can specify the law that will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract. This is particularly important in international contracts where the parties may be from different jurisdictions.
* **Arbitration rules:** If arbitration is chosen, the parties can select the arbitration rules that will apply to the proceedings. Common options include the rules of the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) or the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
* **Appointment of arbitrators:** The parties can agree on the number and method of appointing arbitrators. This can be done through a joint appointment or by each party appointing its own arbitrator.
* **Seat of arbitration:** The parties can specify the location where the arbitration proceedings will take place. This is important for logistical and cost considerations.
* **Language of arbitration:** The parties can agree on the language that will be used in the arbitration proceedings. This is particularly relevant in international contracts where the parties may not share a common language.
* **Confidentiality:** The parties can include a confidentiality clause to protect sensitive information disclosed during the dispute resolution process.
* **Costs:** The parties can agree on how the costs of the dispute resolution process will be allocated. This can include the costs of arbitration, legal fees, and expert witness fees.

By carefully considering these factors and drafting a clear and comprehensive dispute resolution clause, businesses can minimize the risk of disputes and ensure that any disputes that do arise are resolved efficiently and effectively. It is advisable to seek legal advice from an experienced UAE lawyer to ensure that the dispute resolution clause is tailored to the specific needs of the contract and the parties involved.

Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts: UAE Law Guide
Learn how to draft effective dispute resolution clauses under UAE law to protect contractual agreements

Understanding the Importance of Dispute Resolution Clauses in UAE Contracts

**Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law**

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), dispute resolution clauses play a crucial role in safeguarding the interests of parties involved in contractual agreements. These clauses outline the mechanisms and procedures for resolving disputes that may arise during or after the performance of a contract.

**Importance of Dispute Resolution Clauses**

Dispute resolution clauses provide several benefits:

* **Clarity and Predictability:** They establish clear guidelines for resolving disputes, reducing uncertainty and preventing misunderstandings.
* **Time and Cost Savings:** By outlining the dispute resolution process, these clauses help avoid lengthy and expensive litigation.
* **Preservation of Relationships:** Alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation or arbitration, can help preserve business relationships by fostering a cooperative approach to conflict resolution.

**Types of Dispute Resolution Clauses**

UAE law recognizes various types of dispute resolution clauses:

* **Arbitration:** Disputes are resolved by an independent arbitrator or arbitration panel. Arbitration is generally faster and more confidential than litigation.
* **Mediation:** A neutral third party facilitates negotiations between the parties to reach a mutually acceptable solution.
* **Litigation:** Disputes are resolved through the court system. This option is typically more time-consuming and expensive.

**Drafting Considerations**

When drafting dispute resolution clauses, it is essential to consider the following:

* **Choice of Law:** Specify the governing law that will apply to the interpretation and enforcement of the clause.
* **Dispute Resolution Forum:** Clearly state the forum where disputes will be resolved, such as a specific arbitration center or court.
* **Governing Language:** Determine the language in which the dispute resolution process will be conducted.
* **Time Limits:** Establish time limits for initiating and resolving disputes.
* **Costs:** Outline the allocation of costs associated with the dispute resolution process.

**Conclusion**

Drafting effective dispute resolution clauses in UAE contracts is crucial for protecting the rights and interests of parties involved. By carefully considering the type of clause, governing law, forum, and other relevant factors, businesses can ensure that disputes are resolved efficiently, fairly, and in a manner that preserves their relationships.

Choosing the Right Dispute Resolution Mechanism for Your UAE Contract

Drafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts governed by UAE law is crucial for businesses operating in the region. These clauses determine the process and forum for resolving disputes that may arise during the performance or termination of a contract.

The UAE legal framework provides various options for dispute resolution, including litigation before local courts, arbitration, and mediation. Each mechanism has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the specific circumstances of the contract and the parties involved.

Litigation in UAE courts is a formal and adversarial process that can be time-consuming and expensive. However, it offers the advantage of being enforceable by law and provides access to a well-established judicial system. Arbitration, on the other hand, is a private and confidential process conducted by an independent arbitrator or panel of arbitrators. It is generally faster and more flexible than litigation, but the decisions are not directly enforceable by law and must be recognized by a court before they can be executed.

Mediation is a non-adversarial process facilitated by a neutral third party who assists the parties in reaching a mutually acceptable settlement. It is less formal than arbitration and can be a cost-effective way to resolve disputes amicably.

When drafting a dispute resolution clause, it is essential to consider the following factors:

* **Nature of the dispute:** The type of dispute that is likely to arise under the contract should be taken into account. Some disputes may be more suitable for litigation, while others may be better suited for arbitration or mediation.
* **Value of the contract:** The value of the contract can influence the choice of dispute resolution mechanism. For high-value contracts, arbitration or litigation may be more appropriate, while for lower-value contracts, mediation or negotiation may be sufficient.
* **Time constraints:** The time frame for resolving disputes should be considered. Litigation can be time-consuming, while arbitration and mediation can offer faster resolution.
* **Confidentiality:** If the parties wish to maintain confidentiality, arbitration or mediation may be preferable to litigation.
* **Enforceability:** The enforceability of the dispute resolution mechanism should be ensured. Arbitration awards are generally enforceable in the UAE, but litigation judgments may require recognition and enforcement procedures.

In addition to the above factors, the parties may also consider the following provisions in their dispute resolution clause:

* **Choice of law:** The law that will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract should be specified.
* **Choice of language:** The language in which the dispute resolution proceedings will be conducted should be agreed upon.
* **Appointment of arbitrator or mediator:** The process for appointing an arbitrator or mediator should be outlined.
* **Costs:** The allocation of costs associated with the dispute resolution process should be determined.

By carefully considering these factors and incorporating appropriate provisions into the dispute resolution clause, businesses can ensure that their contracts provide a clear and effective framework for resolving disputes in a manner that aligns with their commercial objectives.

Arbitration vs. Litigation: Which is Best for Resolving Disputes in the UAE?

Drafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts governed by UAE law is crucial for businesses operating in the region. These clauses determine the mechanism for resolving disputes that may arise during the performance or interpretation of the contract. Understanding the key considerations and best practices for drafting such clauses is essential to ensure effective dispute resolution.

One of the primary considerations is the choice between arbitration and litigation. Arbitration is a private and confidential process conducted outside the court system, while litigation involves proceedings before a court. Arbitration is often preferred for its speed, flexibility, and the ability to appoint specialized arbitrators with expertise in the relevant field. However, litigation may be necessary in certain circumstances, such as when there is a need for judicial precedent or when the dispute involves complex legal issues.

When drafting an arbitration clause, it is important to clearly specify the governing law, the seat of arbitration, and the arbitration rules that will apply. The governing law determines the substantive law that will be applied to the dispute, while the seat of arbitration determines the jurisdiction in which the arbitration will take place. The arbitration rules provide the procedural framework for the arbitration process.

In addition to arbitration, parties may also consider mediation or expert determination as alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Mediation involves a neutral third party facilitating negotiations between the parties, while expert determination involves a technical expert providing a binding decision on a specific issue. The choice of the appropriate dispute resolution mechanism depends on the nature of the dispute and the parties’ preferences.

It is also important to consider the enforceability of the dispute resolution clause. In the UAE, arbitration agreements are generally enforceable, provided that they are in writing and meet certain formal requirements. However, there are certain exceptions, such as disputes involving public policy or the status of individuals.

To ensure the effectiveness of the dispute resolution clause, it is advisable to seek legal advice from an experienced lawyer who is familiar with UAE law and international arbitration practices. A well-drafted clause can help avoid costly and time-consuming disputes, and facilitate the smooth resolution of any issues that may arise during the course of the contract.

In conclusion, drafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts governed by UAE law requires careful consideration of the available options and the specific circumstances of the transaction. By understanding the key considerations and best practices, businesses can effectively manage disputes and protect their interests in the UAE legal framework.

Drafting Effective Arbitration Clauses in UAE Contracts

Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the drafting of dispute resolution clauses in contracts is of paramount importance for businesses seeking to protect their interests and ensure efficient resolution of disputes. UAE law provides a robust framework for dispute resolution, offering various options such as arbitration, litigation, and mediation.

Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution, has gained significant popularity in the UAE due to its advantages of confidentiality, flexibility, and enforceability. When drafting an arbitration clause, it is crucial to clearly define the scope of disputes subject to arbitration, the number of arbitrators, the governing law, and the seat of arbitration. The choice of arbitration institution, such as the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) or the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), should also be carefully considered.

Litigation, while less common than arbitration in commercial contracts, remains an option for dispute resolution in the UAE. When drafting a litigation clause, it is essential to specify the competent court or tribunal, the applicable procedural rules, and the language of the proceedings. The parties may also agree on the use of expedited procedures or expert determination to streamline the litigation process.

Mediation, a form of facilitated negotiation, can be an effective tool for resolving disputes amicably. When drafting a mediation clause, it is advisable to include provisions for the appointment of a mediator, the confidentiality of the mediation process, and the enforceability of any settlement agreement reached.

In addition to the choice of dispute resolution mechanism, the drafting of dispute resolution clauses should also address issues such as the allocation of costs, the availability of interim measures, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. It is important to ensure that the clause is clear, concise, and unambiguous to avoid any potential disputes over its interpretation.

Furthermore, parties should consider the implications of UAE law on the validity and enforceability of dispute resolution clauses. For instance, arbitration agreements must be in writing and signed by the parties, and they cannot be revoked unilaterally. Litigation clauses must comply with the procedural requirements of the UAE Civil Procedure Code.

In conclusion, the drafting of dispute resolution clauses in contracts in the UAE requires careful consideration of the available options, the specific needs of the parties, and the applicable legal framework. By incorporating well-drafted dispute resolution clauses, businesses can enhance the effectiveness of their contracts and mitigate the risks associated with potential disputes. It is advisable to seek legal advice from experienced practitioners to ensure that the dispute resolution clause is tailored to the specific circumstances of the transaction and complies with the requirements of UAE law.

Drafting Effective Litigation Clauses in UAE Contracts

Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the drafting of dispute resolution clauses in contracts is of paramount importance to ensure effective and efficient resolution of disputes. These clauses determine the forum and procedure for resolving disputes that may arise during the performance or termination of a contract.

The UAE legal framework provides parties with flexibility in choosing the dispute resolution mechanism. Arbitration is a popular option due to its confidentiality, speed, and enforceability. Arbitration clauses typically specify the governing rules, the number of arbitrators, and the seat of arbitration.

Another option is litigation before the UAE courts. Litigation clauses should clearly identify the competent court and the applicable law. The UAE has a well-established court system with specialized commercial courts handling business disputes.

When drafting dispute resolution clauses, it is crucial to consider the following factors:

* **Subject matter of the contract:** The nature of the dispute may influence the choice of dispute resolution mechanism. For example, technical disputes may be better suited for arbitration with industry experts.
* **Parties involved:** The parties’ preferences and commercial relationships should be taken into account. Arbitration may be preferred for long-term relationships or where confidentiality is essential.
* **Governing law:** The governing law of the contract may impact the enforceability of dispute resolution clauses. It is advisable to consult with legal counsel to ensure compliance with applicable laws.

In addition to the choice of forum, dispute resolution clauses should also address other important aspects, such as:

* **Time limits:** Setting reasonable time limits for initiating proceedings helps prevent delays and ensures timely resolution.
* **Costs:** The allocation of arbitration or litigation costs should be clearly defined to avoid disputes.
* **Interim measures:** Clauses may provide for interim measures, such as injunctions or freezing orders, to preserve the parties’ rights during the dispute resolution process.

By carefully drafting dispute resolution clauses, parties can establish a clear and effective framework for resolving disputes. This can minimize disruption to business operations, preserve relationships, and ensure the timely and fair resolution of disputes.

It is highly recommended to seek legal advice when drafting dispute resolution clauses to ensure they are tailored to the specific needs of the contract and comply with UAE law. Legal counsel can provide guidance on the appropriate choice of forum, the drafting of clear and enforceable clauses, and the avoidance of potential pitfalls.

The Role of Mediation in Resolving Disputes in the UAE

**Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law**

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the resolution of commercial disputes is governed by a comprehensive legal framework that includes both judicial and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Among the various ADR methods, mediation plays a significant role in facilitating amicable settlements and preserving business relationships.

When drafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts, parties in the UAE should carefully consider the following factors:

* **Choice of Dispute Resolution Forum:** Contracts can specify the forum where disputes will be resolved, such as the UAE courts, an arbitration center, or a mediation institution. The choice of forum should align with the parties’ preferences and the nature of the dispute.

* **Mediation as a Mandatory Step:** Parties may include a clause requiring mediation as a mandatory step before initiating legal proceedings. This provision encourages parties to explore amicable solutions and avoid costly and time-consuming litigation.

* **Selection of Mediator:** The contract can specify the process for selecting a mediator, such as appointing a neutral third party or relying on a mediation center’s roster. The mediator should be impartial, experienced, and have the necessary expertise to facilitate the resolution process.

* **Confidentiality:** Mediation proceedings are typically confidential, which can be beneficial for preserving business relationships and protecting sensitive information. The contract should include a confidentiality clause to ensure that the discussions and any settlement reached remain private.

* **Enforceability of Settlement Agreements:** Settlement agreements reached through mediation are legally binding and enforceable in the UAE. The contract should provide for the execution of a written settlement agreement that clearly outlines the terms of the resolution.

* **Costs and Fees:** The contract should address the allocation of mediation costs and fees. This can include the mediator’s fees, administrative expenses, and any other costs incurred during the mediation process.

* **Time Limits:** Parties may include time limits for initiating mediation or completing the process. These time limits help ensure that disputes are resolved promptly and avoid unnecessary delays.

By carefully drafting dispute resolution clauses that incorporate mediation as a mandatory step, parties in the UAE can enhance the likelihood of resolving disputes amicably, preserving business relationships, and minimizing the costs and time associated with litigation.

Enforcing Dispute Resolution Clauses in UAE Courts

**Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law**

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the enforceability of dispute resolution clauses in contracts is governed by Federal Law No. 11 of 1992 (the Civil Code). These clauses play a crucial role in determining the forum and procedure for resolving disputes arising from contractual relationships.

When drafting dispute resolution clauses, parties should consider the following key elements:

* **Choice of Forum:** The clause should clearly specify the jurisdiction in which disputes will be resolved. This can be a specific court within the UAE or an international arbitration center.
* **Arbitration or Litigation:** Parties can choose between arbitration, which is a private and confidential process, and litigation, which involves proceedings in a court of law. Arbitration is generally preferred for its efficiency and flexibility.
* **Governing Law:** The clause should indicate the law that will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract. This can be the law of the UAE or another jurisdiction.
* **Language:** The language of the arbitration or litigation proceedings should be specified. This is important for ensuring that all parties can fully participate in the process.
* **Costs:** The clause should address the allocation of costs associated with dispute resolution, such as legal fees and arbitration expenses.

It is essential to draft dispute resolution clauses with precision and clarity to avoid ambiguity or disputes over their interpretation. The following tips can help:

* Use clear and concise language.
* Avoid using vague or ambiguous terms.
* Consider seeking legal advice to ensure that the clause is legally sound.
* Obtain the consent of all parties to the clause.

The enforceability of dispute resolution clauses in UAE courts is subject to certain conditions:

* The clause must be in writing and signed by all parties.
* The clause must not be contrary to public policy or morality.
* The clause must not deprive a party of its right to a fair trial.

If a dispute resolution clause meets these conditions, it will be binding on the parties and enforceable in UAE courts. However, it is important to note that the courts may still have the discretion to set aside or modify the clause in certain circumstances, such as if it is found to be unfair or oppressive.

By carefully drafting dispute resolution clauses in accordance with UAE law, parties can ensure that their contractual relationships are governed by clear and enforceable mechanisms for resolving disputes. This can help to minimize uncertainty, reduce the risk of protracted legal battles, and facilitate the smooth resolution of conflicts.

**Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law**

In the dynamic business landscape of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), it is crucial to carefully consider and draft dispute resolution clauses in contracts. These clauses play a pivotal role in determining the manner in which disputes arising from the contract will be resolved.

Traditionally, arbitration has been the preferred method of dispute resolution in the UAE. This is due to its advantages, such as confidentiality, flexibility, and the enforceability of arbitral awards. However, in recent years, there has been a growing trend towards incorporating mediation and expert determination into dispute resolution clauses.

Mediation is a non-adversarial process that involves a neutral third party facilitating negotiations between the disputing parties. It is often used as a precursor to arbitration or litigation, as it can help parties reach a mutually acceptable resolution without the need for formal proceedings.

Expert determination, on the other hand, involves appointing an expert in the relevant field to provide a binding decision on a specific technical or factual issue. This method is particularly suitable for disputes that require specialized knowledge or expertise.

When drafting dispute resolution clauses, it is important to consider the following factors:

* **Choice of forum:** The parties should specify the jurisdiction in which disputes will be resolved. This can be the UAE or another country.
* **Method of dispute resolution:** The parties should choose the method of dispute resolution, such as arbitration, mediation, or expert determination.
* **Governing law:** The parties should specify the law that will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract.
* **Appointment of arbitrators or mediators:** If arbitration or mediation is chosen, the parties should provide for the appointment of arbitrators or mediators.
* **Confidentiality:** The parties may include a confidentiality clause to protect the privacy of the proceedings.
* **Costs:** The parties should consider how the costs of dispute resolution will be allocated.

By carefully drafting dispute resolution clauses, parties can ensure that disputes are resolved efficiently and effectively. This can help to preserve business relationships and minimize the disruption caused by legal proceedings.

In addition to the traditional methods of dispute resolution, there are also emerging trends in the UAE, such as online dispute resolution (ODR) and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in dispute resolution. ODR offers a convenient and cost-effective way to resolve disputes online. AI can be used to automate certain aspects of dispute resolution, such as document review and analysis.

As the UAE’s legal landscape continues to evolve, it is important for businesses to stay abreast of the latest trends in dispute resolution clauses. By incorporating appropriate clauses into their contracts, parties can ensure that their disputes are resolved in a manner that is fair, efficient, and cost-effective.

Best Practices for Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in UAE Contracts

Drafting dispute resolution clauses in contracts governed by UAE law is crucial for ensuring effective and efficient resolution of disputes. These clauses determine the forum, procedure, and governing law applicable to any disputes that may arise.

When drafting dispute resolution clauses, it is essential to consider the nature of the contract, the parties involved, and the potential risks associated with the transaction. The following best practices should be followed:

**Choice of Forum:**

The dispute resolution clause should clearly specify the forum where disputes will be resolved. This can be a court, an arbitration tribunal, or a mediation center. Courts in the UAE have jurisdiction over disputes arising from contracts governed by UAE law, but arbitration is often preferred due to its confidentiality, flexibility, and enforceability.

**Arbitration:**

If arbitration is chosen, the clause should specify the arbitration rules that will govern the proceedings. The most commonly used rules in the UAE are the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) Rules and the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) Rules. The clause should also provide for the appointment of arbitrators, the venue of the arbitration, and the language of the proceedings.

**Governing Law:**

The dispute resolution clause should specify the governing law that will apply to the interpretation and enforcement of the contract. In the UAE, parties are generally free to choose the governing law, but it is advisable to choose the law of the jurisdiction where the contract is to be performed or where the parties are domiciled.

**Mediation:**

Mediation is a non-binding process that can be used to resolve disputes amicably. It is often included in dispute resolution clauses as a step prior to arbitration or litigation. The clause should specify the procedure for initiating mediation and the consequences of failing to reach a settlement.

**Expert Determination:**

In certain cases, it may be appropriate to include a provision for expert determination in the dispute resolution clause. This allows the parties to appoint an expert to resolve specific technical or factual issues that may arise during the performance of the contract.

**Enforcement:**

The dispute resolution clause should include provisions for the enforcement of any award or judgment that may be issued. In the UAE, arbitration awards are generally enforceable as court judgments, but it is advisable to include a specific provision in the clause to ensure enforceability.

**Additional Considerations:**

In addition to the above best practices, parties should also consider the following factors when drafting dispute resolution clauses:

* The cost and duration of the dispute resolution process
* The availability of legal representation in the chosen forum
* The potential for cross-border disputes
* The need for confidentiality and privacy

By carefully considering these factors and following the best practices outlined above, parties can draft effective and efficient dispute resolution clauses that will protect their interests and facilitate the timely and fair resolution of any disputes that may arise.

Q&A

**Questions and Answers about Drafting Dispute Resolution Clauses in Contracts in UAE Law**

1. **What is the importance of a dispute resolution clause in a contract?**
– It provides a clear and agreed-upon mechanism for resolving disputes, avoiding costly and time-consuming litigation.

2. **What are the common types of dispute resolution clauses?**
– Arbitration, mediation, and litigation.

3. **Which type of dispute resolution is most suitable for UAE contracts?**
– Arbitration is generally preferred due to its confidentiality, speed, and enforceability.

4. **What are the key elements to include in an arbitration clause?**
– Name of the arbitration institution, seat of arbitration, language of arbitration, and number of arbitrators.

5. **Can parties agree to exclude the UAE courts from jurisdiction?**
– Yes, but only if the arbitration clause is valid and enforceable.

6. **What is the role of the DIFC-LCIA Arbitration Centre in UAE contract disputes?**
– It is a leading arbitration institution that provides a neutral and efficient forum for resolving disputes.

7. **What are the advantages of mediation as a dispute resolution method?**
– It is less adversarial, confidential, and can preserve relationships between parties.

8. **When is litigation appropriate for resolving contract disputes in the UAE?**
– When arbitration or mediation is not suitable or has failed to resolve the dispute.

9. **What are the key considerations when drafting a litigation clause?**
– Jurisdiction, venue, and applicable law.

10. **Is it advisable to seek legal advice when drafting dispute resolution clauses?**
– Yes, to ensure that the clause is legally valid, enforceable, and tailored to the specific needs of the parties.

Conclusion

**Conclusion**

Drafting effective dispute resolution clauses in contracts governed by UAE law is crucial for ensuring the timely and efficient resolution of disputes. By carefully considering the factors discussed in this paper, parties can tailor clauses that meet their specific needs and minimize the risk of protracted and costly litigation. The use of clear language, specific procedures, and appropriate dispute resolution mechanisms can help facilitate the amicable and expeditious settlement of disputes, preserving the commercial relationship between the parties.

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